Tuesday, 18 October 2016

Essay

How is gender portrayed in the extract of Hustle through:
Camera work
Mise-en-scene
Sound
& Editing?

In the extract of Hustle the theories of Mulvey (1975), Mackillon (2002) and Gauntlett (2002) are both supported and distrupted through the media language present in the clip. I will now explore this in more detail with reference to how; camera work, mise-en-scene, sound and editing contributes to constructions of gender representation.
Clothes shop scene
The opening shot is a low angle medium close up of middle aged male wearing an expensive suit. The camera angle gives him masculine status as it makes him powerful which could fit Gauntlet’s 2002 theory however, the way he is standing is not a masculine pose which means his character also fits Mackillon’s theory as he is looking more feminine. In the background there is a younger female character shown coming up the stairs to the clothing shop, the positioning seems to support traditional gender roles as she appears lower down, and therefore less important, than the lead male character. The opening scene is accompanied by non-diegetic music that changes when the women comes into shot, it is quite feminine and it contributes to sexualising the female character in a way that fits Mulvey’s 1975 theory. Furthermore, it contributes to de-masculinising the male character to a point where he almost appears camp which also fits with the dress shop setting and his job. The shots are linked together with a sound bridge and continuity editing is used to not distract the viewer.


The next shot is an over the shoulder shot, high angle close up of the male character and a female character. The female character appears to be of a lower status to the shop worker and this is in supports Gauntlet’s 2002 theory of a male being more powerful then a female, however it could also suggest the female being weak. Also when the shot is focused on the clip of the women in red, the non-diegetic has stopped as they are currently focused on a less important character. When the camera does 1-2 shot, a type of editing, it still shows the Mulvey (1975) character of a sexualised character in the back ground even though the focus is on the women and the man in the fore ground.

Thursday, 13 October 2016

Gender

Laura Mulvey 1975

'As erotic objects of desire for the character within the story, and as erotic objects of desire for the spectator' (Mulvey, 1975)

David Gauntlet 2002

'Images of the conventionally rugged, super- independent, extra strong macho man still circulate in popular culture' (Gaunlett 2002)

Mackillion 2002

In Mackillion said males are now uses in the similar was as women in so far as they are being presented as sex objects and are seen to be more image conscious and sensitive.
                                Stereotypes
Men:                                                                  Women:
Heroic                                                                Powerless
Attractive                                                           Over-Sexualised
Strong                                                                House Maid
Dumb                                                                 Weak
Violent                                                               Skinny
Brave                                                                  Victimised
Powerful
Muscles

Thursday, 6 October 2016

Sound

Non-Diegetic

Title music: theme tunes (connote genre/represent TV drama).
Score/incidental music: orchestral music used to connote tone/atmosphere.
Sound motifs: sounds associated with certain character (often a villain like the shark in Jaws) that connote something good/bad is about to happen.
Sound effects: used to connote atmosphere.
Voice over: often used to give the viewer an insight into the thoughts of a character (creating a bond between the audience and character), set the scene or progress the narrative.

Diegetic 

Synchronous sound: sounds that match what you see on screen.
Sound effects: realistic sounds that match the action on screen creating realism and/or connoting atmosphere e.g. gun shots, door opening/closing.
Dialogue: characters speaking (dialogue progresses the narrative and reveals the character's personality/views to the viewer). 
Ambient sound: natural background noise you would hear if the scene on screen were real - this is vital when creating realism. 



Editing

Continuity Editing- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoaw7iTPlZc
Continuity editing gives the viewer the impression that the action unfolds with spatiotemporal consistency. In most films, logical coherence is achieved by cutting to continuity, which emphasizes smooth transition of time and space.
Parallel Editing- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQgtu2rEGvM
Parallel editing (cross cutting) is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations. If the scenes are simultaneous, they occasionally culminate in a single place, where the relevant parties confront each other.
Cross Cutting- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmptU7vEkNU
alternate (one sequence) with another when editing a film.
Eye Line Match- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUR3jCeGCm4
An eyeline match is a film editing technique associated with the continuity editing system. It is based on the premise that an audience will want to see what the character on-screen is seeing.
Match Cut- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swPQ1vNU_Ek
Match cuts are any cuts that emphasizes spatio-temporal continuity and it is the basis for continuity editing. ... A match cut is one method that directors use in editing to suggest a relationship between two different objects and to create a visual metaphor. It is a cut within a scene that makes sense spatially.
Graphic Match- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJePYUpOBHM
The graphic match (or “match cut”) is an extremely powerful transitional device in modern editing. Here, an idea is conveyed within a single assembly – a single cut.
Slow Motion- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRo-L9zYf-M
the action of showing film or playing back video more slowly than it was made or recorded, so that the action appears much slower than in real life.
Fast Motion- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGGxky4vOH0
noun, Cinematography. ... action that appears to move faster than normal on the screen, accomplished by filming the action at less than normal speed in the camera and then projecting it at normal speed. Compare time-lapse photography. Origin of fast motion Expand. 1910-1915.
Fade to black- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umINbAf846Q
1.1[count noun]An act of causing a film or television image to darken and disappear gradually. 'a fade to black would bring the sequence to a close' ... 'In the earlier film, a cut or a fade to black made minutes or even hours disappear.'
From Black-

CGI- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Og7htpqFdc

Sound Bridge- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJZ-gPQ0ew8

Fade to white- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UySbGVhgI24

Long Take- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDdl_qzamyU

Movement Match- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsEuwhBQfXA

Jump Cuts- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1yUwWG5ikE